Chiari malformations (CMs) are defects in the structure of the cerebellum, which is the part of the brain that controls balance. The cerebellum and parts of the brain stem normally sit in an indented space at the lower rear of the skull. When part of the cerebellum is located lower than normal, it is called a Chiari malformation.
CMs tend to develop when the bony space is smaller than normal, causing the cerebellum and brain stem to be pushed down into the upper spinal canal. This causes pressure on the cerebellum and brain stem and can affect functions controlled by these areas and block the flow of cerebrospinal fluid, which is the clear liquid that surrounds and cushions the brain and spinal cord—to and from the brain.
More information about Chiari Malformation can be found here:
National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke
http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/chiari/detail_chiari.htm
Conquer Chiari
http://www.conquerchiari.org/education/chiari-faqs.html
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